Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. a. non-Hispanic whites - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). I can't believe that I missed it!" 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. 20 C. holding a stereotype Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. Measuring Domain-Specific Knowledge: From Bach to Fibonacci There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. c. victim. HUS Exam 1.docx - Exam Practice questions and study guide video-notes-from-discussion-posts-. d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. c. antimiscegenation Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? b. essentialism. Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). d. Latin America or Asia. b. Ms. Jane Sullivan His categorization revolves around the premises discussed in the deductions as well as the conditions required for arguments to prove them correct. D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. a. racism Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. c. poverty c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the c. less communal than traditionally titled women. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. The Congressional Research Service estimates that at least $45\$ 45$45 million of counterfeit U.S. $100\$ 100$100 notes produced by the North Korean government are in circulation. 29. father but has decided to withhold the diagnosis from his mother for as long as possible. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: Based on research presented in the In addition to learning less about them because we see and interact with them less, we routinely categorize outgroup members, thus making them appear more cognitively similar (Haslam, Oakes, & Turner, 1996). and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 215224. d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). None of these choices. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. b. stereotyping. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. b. eugenics. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to a. stress Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. New York, NY: Doubleday. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. a. Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. B. in-group bias Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called Research has found that the experience of stereotype threat can help explain a wide variety of performance decrements among those who are targeted by negative stereotypes. Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders 2 It is deliberate and conscious. Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). B. Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: c. 74; 42 Assimilation is when Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. 165208). What is a characteristic of white privilege? Classification and quantitative judgment. Immigrants in this example can be considered a On the other hand, we sometimes categorize others not because it seems to provide more information about them but because we may not have the time (or the motivation) to do anything more thorough. b. handicapism When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') to. What is this scenario an example of? When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. d. projecting. D. slow. Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. 2 cognitive women. As of August 2011, the interest rate earned on oneyear U.S. Treasury bills was 0.11%0.11 \%0.11%. Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. And the same is true of John. This statement best reflects: Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. a. German Americans Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? b. nationalism. To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. Eastern Europe. During an interview afterward, he stated, "I've made that putt a thousand times on the practice green. 182222). a. modern sexism and modern sexism. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." b. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. c. ethnicity. (Eds.). Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be d. ethnicity. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? c. suggestive clothing television. b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. The results of these studies, as well as other studies like them, were clear: People perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than the ingroup. baseball. External situations have no effect on one's personality characteristics. Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Southern and Eastern Europe. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. (Ed.). b. Melting pot ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. Brown, R. (1995). c. Southern Europe. Do you hold implicit prejudices? The nature of prejudice. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). by pressing either the Yes button or the No button using either their left hand or their right hand. c. Latin Americans . 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century.
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