Manufactured according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. LL.l5. is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR FORM "HB" means that once ignited the sample will continue to burn but at a . never mind we got our answer. This standard replaces GB 8410-1994 "Flammability of Automotive Interior Materials". FAR). This document is available in the following developer friendly formats: Information and documentation can be found in our U.S. standard (FMVSS) Canadian equivalent (CMVSS) 102Transmission Shift Position Sequence, Starter Interlock, and Transmission Braking Effect: . 104 (FMVSS 104) S5.1.3 The test specimen is inserted between two matching U-shaped frames of metal stock 25 mm wide and 10 mm high. 49 CFR 172.101 Aeroblaze Laboratory Inc. All Rights Reserved. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse. Start Preamble AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). Automotive FMVSS 302; Aerospace . UL-94. 203 (FMVSS 203) The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. The forms endstream endobj 404 0 obj <>stream fmvss 403. platform lift systems for motor vehicles. Our experts will help you determine the best solution for your needs. h;0DEA{yF*>d9$ Z@s FMVSS 571.302 "Flammability of Automotive Interior Materials". AS9100, IAQG, NADCAP and Aerospace related Standards and Requirements, Finding a substantial Equivalent Medical Device, A question of Non-conformity specifics - AQAP2120 (The MOD's equivalent to ISO9001), Excel Help - Equivalent of "Range($G$14:$AD$121).Select" in R1C1 notation, Excel .xls Spreadsheet Templates and Tools, Standard that is the equivalent to ISO 22000 but for the non-food industry, Food Safety - ISO 22000, HACCP (21 CFR 120). It has a glass observation window in the front, a closable opening to permit insertion of the specimen holder, and a hole to accommodate tubing for a gas burner. endstream endobj 405 0 obj <>stream report or simply printed, completed, and submitted to the agency. fmvss 401. internal trunk release. yX\86J:pNNNf:L@t :]>0"HV-UkO*]q{ jl=z_2LpIN~Cx94zqxf{0'n_DD{4/'Ju?y>+pM::f ~ wSv^YBsM;X,9=nN@VZ{ emm1GM.d-PZ|U1]/H/>}0DsKW )W?yabo0^{k5/4Uj11m0R4~EF1 gBzimKH[N_Z`5]#KW;}_>8Ose(\M+w7D\pe6])na\w456kw$V_8F]8yV~:?gYt(|=&{P8>IIb+o oW-}]8!! Guide for vehicle manufacturer's to use in filing out Test Specification Forms. The result, the burning rate, is expressed in mm/min. Is EN 10204 3.1 an Equivalent Standard to 'COD QC 3.1 Rev 7 2009'? Sound Absorbed: Thick. ESD issues. This contact form is only for website help or website suggestions. If you have questions for the Agency that issued the current document please contact the agency directly. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. endstream endobj 406 0 obj <>stream If you do anything with music, you know this, and you know that youre going to have to invest in some cables to listen to the audio youre creating or enjoying. Made of plastic, it's also chemical resistant. This product is not currently certified. You can learn more about the process For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Formula for calculating Money Value equivalent to 1% FPY (First Pass Yield), Visual inspection standards - VDA 16 or Equivalent. Fire shaft test DIN 4102 B1 BS 476 Part 6/7 (British) The British "Standard" 476 is actually a series of fire standards. ISO 3795. 1/1.1 302 Flammability of interior materials 49CFR 571.302 Standard No. JavaScript is disabled. a unified approach to interpreting model predictions lundberg lee. ISO 3795 is a technically equivalent standard used in Europe, Canada, and Japan; while ASTM D5132-04 is used in USA. Underwriters Laboratories, UL 94, Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances. contact the publishing agency. Nomenclature changes to part 571 appear at 69 FR 18803, Apr. (49 CFR 571.302) In buses with cushioned seats, the upholstery and foam represent the largest fuel load within the interior compartment. S5.2.3 Material with a napped or tufted surface is placed on a flat surface and combed twice against the nap with a comb having seven to eight smooth, rounded teeth per 25 mm. Title 49 was last amended 2/03/2023. endstream endobj 19 0 obj <>stream The second covers the same information but presented in an electronic fashion, below. Technically Equivalent to FMVSS302. S5.1.2. UL-94 V- rates the vertical burn performance, where UL-94 HB ratings describe horizontal specimen burn performance. This includes: FMVSS post-crash survivability - 300-series. A colleague of mine needs to know if the FMVSS302 standard is equivalent to DBL5307.10 and if at all possible the data that supports either answer. 0000000: 00000: Heat-Reflecting Sound-Absorbing Sheets. The test sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and exposed to a ame for 15 seconds in a combustion chamber, in order to see if/when the ame extinguishes, or the time taken for the ame to pass a de ned distance. 571.302 Standard No. The eCFR is displayed with paragraphs split and indented to follow fmvss 404. platform lift installations in motor . Technical Standards Documents (TSD) are documents that reproduce an enactment of a foreign government or material produced by an international organization (typically Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Part 571). b#|HAtLl4k,gWis_C]NJu&Z ^..VWZ(rGb4.qO)iGI 302. S4.2.1 Any material that does not adhere to other material(s) at every point of contact shall meet the requirements of S4.3 when tested separately. This test is mainly used for quality control, production control and material comparisons. Procedure 1. Designers searching for more advanced flame retardant materials may also consider FMVSS 302 testing as a valuable baseline. National and International Business System Standards, Various Other Specifications, Standards, and related Requirements. HP believes that the testing referred to above is representative of parts produced with HP 3D HR PA 12, HP 3D HR PA 11, HP 3D HR PA 12 GB, and BASF Ultrasint TPU01 when used with the The information is generally in a question/answer format, with links to resources for more information. (FMVSS 201, 202, 203, 207 & 210) UL 94 H-B Horizontal Burn; Slow horizontal burn test (H-B) are considered "self-extinguishing". 305, "Electric-powered vehicles: Electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection," to adopt various electrical safety requirements found in Global . The burnt distance and the time taken to burn this distance is measured during the test. BS&.TM`$H!O)rrf?OW([kf1G}ly/X7!=>:6yF:r6U ] S5.1 Conditions. GB 8410 Flammability of automotive interior materials. Components that comply with this standard burn slower and with less heat, reducing the severity of occupant injuries and providing them with more time to evacuate the vehicle. The rate of flame travel across the sample is measured between two points. This is an automated process for Typically, seat cushioning with minimum compliance to FMVSS 302 defaults to use of a . V (10-1-17 Edition) of a flame front shall not apply to a surface created by cutting a test speci-men for purposes of testing pursuant to . The test is conducted inside a test chamber where the test specimen is mounted horizontally. The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. Enter FMVSS number. Why bother with a cheap phone when you can get a good smartphone camera for a reasonable price? Ph: 61 7 3274 1231 Fax: 61 7 3274 1320 If you work for a Federal agency, use this drafting Similar to ECE R.118 -Annex 8, UL 94, and 14CFR 25 - Appendix F. ASTM E1354-16a Standard cone calorimeter test: Cone calorimeter test has an advantage over Bunsen . ASTM D5132. hbbd```b``N D$A$Z* "Z"`L^ iezv*@g`H` = hb```f``e`g`` bf@ aV X0040eV0611p0$(g/```gP\` AA=LwXvH410K_,3't@A`[8Nr N6d! The first thing that you should know is that the CAT is a rating system for , Its not secret that millions of girls, and guys, are making a living camming from the safety of their own home. HlSKs0+((zItISw2=,t@J=xe!>>qMZ**RA)diUv"*J0IX`"n\v n7x?PjF .c5=#E0E=azBSAf,l$aA#g.G#(q*X;bmp!ixYQ4H fmvss 303. fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles . uso promiscuo abitazione medico. Hopefully someone can help us with this question. The flammability test is used to determine the relative rate of burning of self-supporting plastics. The pass/fail criteria is based on the burn rate across the test sample, with a maximum burn rate of 102 mm per minute. fmvss 302. flammability of interior materials. .$}2;9mW 7Nuyc_2~A }wG /7P9D; to;0H{m#oG{I4r'P &Y"6o here. These ratings are established using small-scale tests in which approximately 5 by inch samples are subject to a inch, 50W tirrel burner flame ignition . Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 302) The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 302) is a horizontal burn test, somewhat similar to UL 94 HBF. TP-302-03 Oct 18, 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURE FOR FMVSS 302 Flammability of Interior Materials SAFETY ASSURANCE Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance Mail Code: NSA-32 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 14 0 obj <> endobj Application. Many 3D-printed plastics have a UL-94 HB rating, which is the lowest level of flammability rating. OEMs specify ammability testing based on FMVSS 302 and technically equivalent OEM standards. S3A. The interior of the cabinet is 381 mm long, 203 mm deep, and 356 mm high. Is there a Process Equivalent to NASA Special NDI, EU equivalent of the Spaulding Classification (Disinfection vs. Sterilization). will bring you directly to the content. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behaviour or unique IDs on this site. This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses. Is there any DIN EN 10204 equivalent to AISI standard ? It has a glass observation window in the front, a closable opening to permit insertion of the specimen holder, and a hole to accommodate tubing for a gas burner. (eg: manufacturer's to use in filing out Test Specification Forms. email: sales@locoseatsoz.com, 53 Magnesium Drive, Crestmead QLD 4132BRISBANE AUSTRALIA, FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLES SAFETY STANDARDS FMVSS302. (d) Expose the specimen to the flame for 15 seconds. S4.3 (a) When tested in accordance with S5, material described in S4.1 and S4.2 shall not burn, nor transmit a flame front across its surface, at a rate of more than 102 mm per minute. UL 10B Fire Test of Door . The test requires that the sample burn slower than 4"/minute or be self-extinguishing. 208, firefighting vehicles, ambulances, and motor homes, a seating location that is labeled in accordance with S4.4 of FMVSS No. Use it to protect the edges of panels, boards, signs, and mirrors from impact. It has been shown that almost any material will comply with the minimal horizontal flame spread that FMVSS 302 requires. 102 Transmission Shift Position Sequence, Starter Interlock, and Transmission Braking Effect. 2) Inner Size: 381mm203mm356mm: Flame Height: 38mm2: Fire Nozzle Diameter: 9.5mm: Lower Specimen Clamp: Wire Spacing Is 25mm: Specimen Clamp: 360100mm Inner Frame Size : 33050mm: High Light: FMVSS 302 Horizontal Burning Tester, UN ECE R118 Annex 6 Horizontal Burning Tester, BSAU 16 Flame Test Equipment 105 (FMVSS 105) thanks. 302. Equivalent, MDR equvalent device - can you use a medicine as an equivalent 'device', What ASTM std is EC 93/42 MDD EQUIVALENT TO. Posted by July 3, 2022 golf club of edmond membership cost on fmvss 302 ul equivalent July 3, 2022 golf club of edmond membership cost on fmvss 302 ul equivalent Note: Not all FMVSSs are included. Underwriters Laboratory ratings are voluntary classifications applied to materials that designers then select for usage in their vehicles. A total of 10 specimens (2 sets) are tested per thickness. Pressing enter in the search box Because flammability testing is so vital for protecting the occupant compartments of motor vehicles, components run through FMVSS 302 testing include seat belts, seat covers, cushions, foam, trim panels and armrests. This standard covers low voltage primary cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 V DC (25 V AC) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. S5.2.1 Each specimen of material to be tested shall be a rectangle 102 mm Inspection, Prints (Drawings), Testing, Sampling and Related Topics, EU MDR Requirements on Equivalent devices, What is IATF equivalent of "ISO Coordinator", IATF 16949 - Automotive Quality Systems Standard, CER - Equivalent Medical Devices Criteria - MDR/MEDDEV REV 4, MEDDEV equivalent requirement to CFR 806.20. The test specimen is inserted between two matching U-shaped frames of metal stock 25mm wide and 10mm high. H\SK0+h e=[C6%|de;@V~$EM'h:Y;&5YE;WT:/qgzj $Gan"nqF&5i8YKvMK^3,Y6n Address: 12819 Harmon Rd. ~hYyIX{>,#&bF %k%,eD/Qgu\Q y!3~?0BNO+8Q@nVC!EB 5 FMVSS 571.302 "Flammability of Automotive Interior Materials" is non-equivalent. Method. Figure 4 shows that the flame resistance of these components is predicted . FMVSS302 Flammability of Interior materials. Ford FLTM 24-2. (a UE}8yt-bZp[G_$C)a-^M1h1%h3,!(ID@i> 6 ;X S!u Lx320i1Ma>s@JBc]& L h}.] Enhanced content is provided to the user to provide additional context. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are U.S. federal regulations ISO 13485:2016 - Medical Device Quality Management Systems, EU equivalent to Clinical Decision Support Software, Clinical Trial Requirement - No equivalent devices in the market, CE Marking (Conformit Europene) / CB Scheme, Clinical Evaluation Benchmark vs. What is the Rev C equivalent for an RABQSA AS9100 Certified Lead Auditor course? These documents have adaptations or modifications for the . A specimen that softens and bends at the flaming end so as to cause erratic burning is kept horizontal by supports consisting of thin, heat-resistant wires, spanning the width of the U-shaped frame under the specimen at 25 mm intervals. 400 0 obj <> endobj The chamber also includes specialized specimen holders to ensure the consistent application of flame for thorough testing. Enter your email and subscribe to our monthly newsletter. But, providing fans and customers with the best , Ethernet and wifi are a couple of complicated subjects theres no doubt about it. As a on 3 Reasons Why Wired Ethernet is Better Than Wi-Fi, Best Speaker Systems For The Bedroom: Set The Mood For Local Sex Hookups, Best Phone Camera For Dating Apps And Social Media, Why Expensive HDMI Cables Are Unnecessary. %%EOF . 36 FR 22902, Dec. 2, 1971, unless otherwise noted. The thickness of the specimen is that of the single or composite material used in the vehicle, except that if the material's thickness exceeds 13 mm, the specimen is cut down to that thickness measured from the surface of the specimen closest to the occupant compartment air space. Does Canada have an equivalent to FDA preIDE meeting? developer resources. It is not an official legal edition of the CFR. FORM **j1yN>,?Da,th3Zv1).R.\`7 >. SRP-PC The following products typically require The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. FMVSS 571.302 Standard No. . full text search results 103 Windshield Defrosting and Defogging Systems. Test Methods. TESTS(FMVSS 208/214/301) T = Time in seconds for the flame to travel D millimeters. This test is typically performed on materials in passenger cars, trucks, and buses. The Office of the Federal Register publishes documents on behalf of Federal agencies but does not have any authority over their programs. This includes: FMVSS 305 Electric-Powered Vehicles, Electrolyte Spillage and Electrical Shock Protection. How are CAT-5, CAT-5e, and CAT-6 Ethernet Different? Our homologation experts can provide guidance so that you can comply with FMVSS as you manufacture motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. Just another site fmvss 302 ul equivalent. FMVSS 302: Regulation of Material Flammability (2005) . Cable management, data centers, electrical, electronics, HVAC, OEM & MRO . %%EOF It is equivalent. S5.1.5 The gas supplied to the burner has a flame temperature equivalent to that of natural gas. UL94 V-0, V-1, V-2 FLAMMABILITY STANDARDS Specimen Length 125 mm (5 in) x Width 13 mm (0.5 in) x Thickness [typically 0.7 mm (1/32 in) or 1.5 mm (1/16 in) or 3.0 mm (1/8 in)]. ASTM D7309-13 Standard test method for determining flammability characteristics of plastics and other solid . The goal was to reduce the severity and frequency of burn injuries during vehicle fires by increasing the occupant evacuation time, especially fires caused from discarded cigarettes and matches. Scope. When it comes to getting the speeds or the connection convenience you need for your average work-day, you shouldnt be messing around. Jul 23, 2008. ISO 3795 is a technically equivalent standard used in Europe, Canada, and Japan; while ASTM D5132-04 is used in USA. 49 CFR 571.302 (FMVSS 302) is an auotomotive saftey standard test where a horizontal specimen burns slowly or self-extinguishes. S5.2 Preparation of specimens. hcI)\)|/2]`"[3kb0 X4[fS] Hbbchhxa6\`FW?q+ >IB8lMY=i>gz[MNj! FMVSS 302 Flammability of materials used in the occupant compartments of motor vehicles. will bring you to those results. The specimen is oriented so that the surface closest to the occupant compartment air space faces downward on the test frame. Definitions. FMVSS 301: KMVSS Article 91 para. Manufactured according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 302 Flammability of interior materials The purpose of this standard is to reduce the deaths and injuries to motor vehicle occupants caused by vehicle fires, especially those originating in the interior of the vehicle from sources such as matches or . on How are CAT-5, CAT-5e, and CAT-6 Ethernet Different? S4.2 Any portion of a single or composite material which is within 13 mm of the occupant compartment air space shall meet the requirements of S4.3. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. 101 Controls and Displays. >]\jm::w$-|D{k. This includes: FMVSS crashworthiness - 200-series. Please do not provide confidential *cy`n/j4J]w}}C#>I@byZw7nzA:|k n|aA}__Q75n+>:_~8sy{S0%=}C2UtUS>O58|]TV0m88~2j-LC!tEcNAX>Z?t'tnT5|=vA@tn/@tLR!s,My,g*p9(u Cqf_B,?#Z|t)_G99.FOUM901 DS{!$}mu^w{y s*$@RI=u>s(#pMGBER9Q;lyVGs6;%]D. FMVSS 302 (49 CFR 571.302) Where it is not possible to obtain a flat specimen because of surface curvature, the specimen is cut to not more than 13 mm in thickness at any point. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. 1,044 4. Its purpose is to reduce deaths and injuries to motor vehicle occupants caused by . LOGIN / REGISTER TO DOWNLOAD THIS BROCHURE, Unit 19, Charlwoods Road, East Grinstead, Exponent has experience with numerous small, intermediate, and large-scale fire and flammability testing methods, including those published by the NFPA, UL, and ASTM. 355mm *100mm*thickness (<13mm),10pcs (each direction) TL1010 Flammability of Materials for vehicle interiors-Relative Standards. FMVSS (The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) . This method of testing surface burning characteristics of building materials is applicable to any type of building material that, by its own structural quality or the manner in which it is applied, is capable of supporting itself in position or is supported in the test furnace to a thickness comparable to its recommended use. 302; Flammability of interior materials. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. Facing. Are Audiophile Grade Cables Really Worth It? 40 0 obj <>stream We can evaluate and deliver expert reports on virtually anything, from air quality to weathering. For example, the UL standards, the . 31, 1975; 40 FR 42747, Sept. 16, 1975; 40 FR 56667, Dec. 4, 1975; 63 FR 28954, 28956, May 27, 1998; 63 FR 51003, Sept. 24, 1998]. A flammability testing standard designed to evaluate materials used in occupant compartments of motor vehicles, FMVSS 302 ensures these components have the appropriate level of burn resistance for optimal vehicle safety. 303Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles: CMVSS 301.2CNG Fuel System Integrity. the hierarchy of the document. FmQUijJK;sEbKm&Ro<8?a3$KR\46pv>W1%K RD2dX"t5V#P'@W$*o` /6&Fya9^86z4fzv(N /$ #8l^y B^+Rw]9nEGH'tLi'a.aU\5r!6P(w(b+!0 ~T>/D * FMVSS 302 Flammability of materials used in the occupant compartments of motor vehicles. J1128_202012. (e) Begin timing (without reference to the period of application of the burner flame) when the flame from the burning specimen reaches a point 38 mm from the open end of the specimen. The first is a 6-page brochure that provides a concise overview. With custom testing capabilities and a large number of test methods we perform frequently, we can adapt to your needs. For more information on FMVSS 302 or any of our other testing capabilities, call 718-542-8248 or contact us online torequest a quote today. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. for vehicle Since vehicle fires may result from something as simple as a cigarette spark, it is crucial that the materials used in occupant compartments meet an established standard for flame and heat resistance. The main objective of this paper is to address some of these concerns and provide additional information for what many have been advocating for a number of years [1, 5, 6, 7, 8].Several small scale tests like Limiting Oxygen Index, UL-94 and Cone Calorimetry were carried out, along with FMVSS 302, on representative plastic materials used in automobiles. 135 (FMVSS 135) If you have comments or suggestions on how to improve the www.ecfr.gov website or have questions about using www.ecfr.gov, please choose the 'Website Feedback' button below. The FMVSS 302 test is a standard of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) for evaluating flammability of materials as conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, a faction of the U.S. Department of Transportation). The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Test parameters can be tuned to make equivalent to FMVSS No. All rights reserved. or its graphic equivalent . Specimens molded from the plastic material are oriented in either a horizontal or vertical position depending on the . FORM FORM The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. *The CCT-T-191b, Method 5906 test method was superseded by FED-STD-191, Method 5906, and is still in use. i 4g` I endstream endobj 3697 0 obj 399 endobj 3682 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 3673 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS3 3686 0 R /CS4 3683 0 R /CS5 3687 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 3692 0 R /GS3 3690 0 R >> /Font << /TT1 3684 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 3695 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] >> /Contents 3688 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 >> endobj 3683 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 3684 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 238 333 333 389 0 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 0 722 611 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 0 556 278 889 611 611 611 611 389 556 333 611 556 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GJPELD+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 3685 0 R >> endobj 3685 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2034 1048 ] /FontName /GJPELD+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 144 /FontFile2 3691 0 R >> endobj 3686 0 obj [ /ICCBased 3694 0 R ] endobj 3687 0 obj [ /Indexed 3686 0 R 255 3693 0 R ] endobj 3688 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 3689 0 R >> stream Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Safari. You are using an unsupported browser. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. The exposed side of the test specimen is subjected to a gas flam from underneath.