A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. Well send you a link to a feedback form. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. Youth custody report for November 2015 published. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). Youth custody data - October data published. The overall cautioning rate has been gradually decreasing over the last 5 years, from 18% in 2015 to 11% in 2019, and has been consistently lower for females than males, at 7% for females and 11% for males in 2019. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Custody Lawyers | Child Custody Statistics - Erlich Law Office Are the courts gender biased in custody cases? Among young females who were dealt with by a community penalty, 90% had a record of persistent absence, compared to 82% of young males; a 9 percentage point difference. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. The most disturbing though, 27% of fathers have no contact with their children. Child Support Statistics and Trends - FindLaw Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. There were 5.4 million custodial parents who were supposed to receive child support in 2017, 1.2 million of which (22.2%) had family incomes below the poverty threshold. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). Female representation within MoJ and CPS remained constant. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Figure 8.03: Indictable offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. , Self-declared from HR records, for serving magistrates, as at 1 April 2020. Although we explore differences between sexes, it is important that inferences are not made about individuals from group-level data since we consider averaged outcomes that do not take into consideration the unique sub-set of circumstances in each case. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. The proportion of adults who experienced violent crime generally decreased with increasing age. The analysis in this report addresses the key subject areas and goes some way to provide an evidence base for monitoring progress and aiding policy making decisions for the future. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. (2020). Data has bee updated and published for May 2013. June 28, 2018. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. The 75+ group was the only age group where prevalence of violent crime in highest among females. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. Despite this, a higher proportion of females reported verbal abuse, threats and bullying from other prisoners. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). In the same year, 51.7% of adults perceived the Criminal Justice System as effective; this did not significantly differ between sexes. Five-year time series refers to 2014/15 to 2018/19. The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. , Caution should be taken when comparing figures for senior staff, however, because the numbers of individuals represented are small - changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. Over the last 5 years, a higher proportion of males were bailed or remanded in custody. Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Child Custody Statistics 2023 (by Gender & State in the US) Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. These reports may include a full risk assessment of the offender. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. The largest difference in proportions between genders for fixed period exclusion was seen for those who were dealt with by a suspended sentence. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. These statistics concentrate on the flow of children (aged 10-17) through the youth justice system in England and Wales. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. Over the last 5 years, the number of individual formally dealt with has decreased but the proportions have remained constant. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. The HMIP Annual Report 2019/20 identifies differences in reported prison experiences between male and female prisoners[footnote 65]. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. As at 30 June 2019, the sentence length profile of males and females under a determinate sentence differs, with a higher proportion of females (15%) serving sentences of less than 12 months, compared to 6% of males[footnote 64] (influenced by custodial sentencing in Chapter 5: Defendants and offence mix in Chapter 7: Offence Analysis). Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The idea that family courts are biased against men is a dangerous There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. , The analysis in this chapter excludes defendants where age or sex is unknown unless stated otherwise. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. , The conviction ratio is defined as the ratio of convictions to prosecutions for a principle offence over one year. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. The median time from charge for first listing decreased for females (down 12%) but increased for males (up 15%). In 2019, females made up 17% of offenders issued community orders and 14% of suspended sentence orders (with requirements). This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Figure 7.08: Adult reoffending rate by age group and sex, April 2017 to March 2018 offender cohort, England and Wales. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). Youth custody data for April 2018 published. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. However, the proportion of senior staff who were female was lower than the proportion of staff at all grades across the CJS organisations considered in this section. (US Census Bureau, Statista) In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. Single fathers: UK statistics | Office for National Statistics | The This analysis compares the genders in the matched young offender cohort, broken down by disposal, educational attainment, pupil characteristics, persistent absence and exclusion. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. In the most recent year, females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender (also known as the frequency rate) compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. The Truth About Father Bias in Family Courts - Everyday Feminism Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. This proportion has remained stable over the last 5 years (June 2015 June 2019) despite the overall fall of 18% in the under 18 custody population. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. This was considerably higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 102] and 2014/15[footnote 103] (14% for both young females and young males). In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2017 - Census.gov In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively.