After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). Made king by the minister Shura. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Nephew of Didda. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Match words . Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. [citation needed]. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. Abstract. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. From Stein's translation:[3]. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Verse 12. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. the Kambojs Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. He subdued several enemies. An unpopular king, he was killed. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. orders. . In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? Shah Mir dynasty - Wikipedia Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. Omissions? He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. No examples found, consider adding one please. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z It is by late Vidwan T.K. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. } Concerning past occasions. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Rajatarangini . He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. He was known for his religious tolerance. All rights reserved. Son of Partha. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. section. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. Son of Aksha. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Kalhana describes the rules of Toramana and, After the Huna, Meghavahana of the Gonandiya family was brought back from. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Answer. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Corrections? Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Died young. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called Verse 11. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics [31] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Eventually the Karkota dynasty ended and a grandson of Utpala became king. Zain-ul-Abidin - Wikipedia It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. 1 Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Rajatarangini - Wikipedia Son of Hiranyakula. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. 2011 Duke University Press [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. Verse 15. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri.
Coordinate Graphing Mystery Picture, Articles R